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French colonization
The interference of admirals in the French policy of military intervention within the boundaries of the nation, would lead to the signing of the Treaties of 1862 and 1874 put Vietnam under the tutelage of France.
The Kingdom of the late Emperor Gia Long was incorporated into a geographical entity called "French Indochina" including two other countries: Cambodia and Laos.
For reasons of administrative convenience, Vietnam was immediately divided into three parts: the Tonkin in the north, Annam in the central and Cochin in the South. While Cochinchina was directly governed by the French authorities as a colony, Tonkin and Annam, which became French protectorates, retain some autonomy embodied by an emperor, a descendant of the Nguyen, who held power rather symbolic.
This abdication of sovereignty would lead notional Vietnamese patriots in a relentless struggle against France, the fight resulted in numerous and frequent armed uprisings across the kingdom.
It was, however, await the end. World War II to see the Vietnam independence thanks to the economy.
Recovery of Independence
Following the neutralization of the French authority on 9 March 1945, by the Japanese forces stationed in Viet Nam, a national government headed by the late Professor Tran-Trong-Kim moved to Hue, in April the same year. Thereafter, several governments succeeded one another at a rate fast enough, each of them having faced many difficulties in the domestic as well as on the outside.
-This assumption de facto independence was still worthless on the international level. Only ten years later, ie on 4 June 1954, the Government of the French Republic legally endorsed the independence of Vietnam, which, consequently, had legally at that date its historical borders, as contained in the official surveys of 1862.
The great joy of the Vietnamese people was short lived. Indeed, the fate of countries that were not sealed: one month later, on 21 July 1954 exactly the Geneva Conference, endorsing agreements on a cease-fire between France and the Viet Minh, decreed the division of national territory into two portions about equal, according to a line formed by the 17th parallel, approximately at the height of the Ben Hai River in the province of Quang Tri (Central Vietnam).
The provinces located north of this river is now the "Democratic Republic of Viet Nam", while the territories situated south would pass first under the jurisdiction of the State of Viet Nam, then under that of the Republic of Vietnam was founded on 26 October 1955, after a popular referendum. Finally, on 1 November 1963 a great revolution undertaken jointly by the army and the people, succeeded in overthrowing the dictatorial regime of Ngo Dinh Diem-and establishing the Second Republic. Since then, several military and civilian governments have succeeded in Saigon with varying
1963: Military Intervention in the U.S..
1973: End of U.S. bombing raids on North Vietnam.
1975: End of civil war. Withdrawals of American troops.
1976: Proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
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